Journal Articles
*Denotes Student Publications
2025
Maavara, T., Yuan, Z., Johnson, A. M., Zhang, S., Aho, K. S., Brinkerhoff, C. B., Logozzo, L. A., & Raymond, P. River metabolism in the contiguous United States: A West of extremes. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.adu9843
Yang, X., Potter, H., Zhang, S., Lyu, M. Remote Measurement of Active Whitecaps Using Deep Learning. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-24-0057.1
Kanzaki, Y., Planavsky, N. J., Zhang, S., Jordan, J., Suhrhoff, T. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2025). Soil cation storage is a key control on the carbon removal dynamics of enhanced weathering. Environmental Research Letters, 20(7), 074055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade0d5
Chen, J., *Li, S., Zhang, S., Isson, T., Dahl, T. W., Planavsky, N. J., et al. (2025). Repeated occurrences of marine anoxia under high atmospheric O2 and icehouse conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(26), e2420505122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2420505122
Neumann, R.B., Kukla, T., Zhang, S., & Butman, D. E. (2025). Riverine photosynthesis influences the carbon sequestration potential of enhanced rock weathering. Frontiers in Climate, 7, 1582786. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1582786
Beerling, D. J., Kantzas, E. P., Lomas, M. R., Taylor, L. L., Zhang, S., Kanzaki, Y., et al. (2025). Transforming US agriculture for carbon removal with enhanced weathering. Nature, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08429-2
E, B., Zhang, S., Carter, E., Meem, T. J., & Wen, T. (2025). Predicting salinity and alkalinity fluxes of U.S. freshwater in a changing climate: Integrating anthropogenic and natural influences using data-driven models. Applied Geochemistry, 180, 106285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106285
Zhang, S., Reinhard, C. T., Liu, S., Kanzaki, Y., & Planavsky, N. J. (2025). A framework for modeling carbon loss from rivers following terrestrial enhanced weathering. Environmental Research Letters, 20(2), 024014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada398
Yang, X., Potter, H., Zhang, S., Lyu, M. Remote Measurement of Active Whitecaps Using Deep Learning. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology. https://doi.org/10.1175/JTECH-D-24-0057.1
Kanzaki, Y., Planavsky, N. J., Zhang, S., Jordan, J., Suhrhoff, T. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2025). Soil cation storage is a key control on the carbon removal dynamics of enhanced weathering. Environmental Research Letters, 20(7), 074055. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ade0d5
Chen, J., *Li, S., Zhang, S., Isson, T., Dahl, T. W., Planavsky, N. J., et al. (2025). Repeated occurrences of marine anoxia under high atmospheric O2 and icehouse conditions. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 122(26), e2420505122. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2420505122
Neumann, R.B., Kukla, T., Zhang, S., & Butman, D. E. (2025). Riverine photosynthesis influences the carbon sequestration potential of enhanced rock weathering. Frontiers in Climate, 7, 1582786. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2025.1582786
Beerling, D. J., Kantzas, E. P., Lomas, M. R., Taylor, L. L., Zhang, S., Kanzaki, Y., et al. (2025). Transforming US agriculture for carbon removal with enhanced weathering. Nature, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-08429-2
E, B., Zhang, S., Carter, E., Meem, T. J., & Wen, T. (2025). Predicting salinity and alkalinity fluxes of U.S. freshwater in a changing climate: Integrating anthropogenic and natural influences using data-driven models. Applied Geochemistry, 180, 106285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2025.106285
Zhang, S., Reinhard, C. T., Liu, S., Kanzaki, Y., & Planavsky, N. J. (2025). A framework for modeling carbon loss from rivers following terrestrial enhanced weathering. Environmental Research Letters, 20(2), 024014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada398
2024
*Armos, B., Zhang, S., Wen, T., Walker, E., & Daripa, P. (2024). A harmonized river-ocean coupled database for the northern Gulf of Mexico. Scientific Data, 11(1), 1449. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-04338-1
Driscoll, A.W., Marston, L.T., Ogle, S.M., Planavsky, N.J., Siddik, M.A.B., Spencer, S., Zhang, S., Mueller, N.D., 2024. Hotspots of irrigation-related US greenhouse gas emissions from multiple sources. Nature Water 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00283-w
Zhang, S., Solan, M., & Tarhan, L. (2024). Global distribution and environmental correlates of marine bioturbation. Current Biology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.065
Kanzaki, Y., Chiaravalloti, I., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2024). In silico calculation of soil pH by SCEPTER v1.0. Geoscientific Model Development, 17(10), 4515–4532.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024.
*Li, S., Zeebe, R. E., & Zhang, S. (2024). iLOSCAR: interactive Long-term Ocean-atmosphere-Sediment CArbon cycle Reservoir model v1.0. Global and Planetary Change, 236, 104413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104413
Driscoll, A.W., Marston, L.T., Ogle, S.M., Planavsky, N.J., Siddik, M.A.B., Spencer, S., Zhang, S., Mueller, N.D., 2024. Hotspots of irrigation-related US greenhouse gas emissions from multiple sources. Nature Water 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44221-024-00283-w
Zhang, S., Solan, M., & Tarhan, L. (2024). Global distribution and environmental correlates of marine bioturbation. Current Biology.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2024.04.065
Kanzaki, Y., Chiaravalloti, I., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2024). In silico calculation of soil pH by SCEPTER v1.0. Geoscientific Model Development, 17(10), 4515–4532.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-17-4515-2024.
*Li, S., Zeebe, R. E., & Zhang, S. (2024). iLOSCAR: interactive Long-term Ocean-atmosphere-Sediment CArbon cycle Reservoir model v1.0. Global and Planetary Change, 236, 104413.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gloplacha.2024.104413
2023
Baek, S.H., Kanzaki, Y., Lora, J.M., Planavsky, N., Reinhard, C.T., Zhang, S. (2023). Impact of Climate on the Global Capacity for Enhanced Rock Weathering on Croplands. Earth’s Future, e2023EF003698.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003698
Freij, N., Gregory, D.D., Zhang, S., Morrison, S.M. (2023). Chlorite geochemical vectoring of ore bodies: a natural kind clustering approach. Frontiers in Earth Science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1222291
Chiaravalloti, I., Theunissen, N., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Sun, F., Ahmed, A. A., et al. (2023). Mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions during maize production with basalt amendments. Frontiers in Climate, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1203043
E, B., Zhang, S., Driscoll, C. T., & Wen, T. (2023). Human and natural impacts on the U.S. freshwater salinization and alkalinization: A machine learning approach. Science of The Total Environment, 889, 164138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164138
Wang, W., Zhang, F., Zhang, S., Cui, Y., Zheng, Q., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). Ecosystem responses of two Permian biocrises modulated by CO2 emission rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 602, 117940.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117940
https://doi.org/10.1029/2023EF003698
Freij, N., Gregory, D.D., Zhang, S., Morrison, S.M. (2023). Chlorite geochemical vectoring of ore bodies: a natural kind clustering approach. Frontiers in Earth Science.
https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1222291
Chiaravalloti, I., Theunissen, N., Zhang, S., Wang, J., Sun, F., Ahmed, A. A., et al. (2023). Mitigation of soil nitrous oxide emissions during maize production with basalt amendments. Frontiers in Climate, 5. https://doi.org/10.3389/fclim.2023.1203043
E, B., Zhang, S., Driscoll, C. T., & Wen, T. (2023). Human and natural impacts on the U.S. freshwater salinization and alkalinization: A machine learning approach. Science of The Total Environment, 889, 164138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164138
Wang, W., Zhang, F., Zhang, S., Cui, Y., Zheng, Q., Zhang, Y., et al. (2023). Ecosystem responses of two Permian biocrises modulated by CO2 emission rates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 602, 117940.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2022.117940
2022
Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., Katchinoff, J., Raymond, P. A., Kanzaki, Y., Reershemius, T., & Reinhard, C. T. (2022). River chemistry constraints on the carbon capture potential of surficial enhanced rock weathering. Limnology and Oceanography.
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12244
Rattanasriampaipong, R., Zhang, Y. G., Pearson, A., Hedlund, B. P., & Zhang, S. (2022). Archaeal lipids trace ecology and evolution of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(31), e2123193119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2123193119
Kanzaki, Y., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2022). Soil Cycles of Elements simulator for Predicting TERrestrial regulation of greenhouse gases: SCEPTER v0.9. Geoscientific Model Development, 15(12), 4959–4990. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022
Shen, J., Yin, R., Zhang, S., Algeo, T. J., Bottjer, D. J., Yu, J., et al. (2022). Intensified continental chemical weathering and carbon-cycle perturbations linked to volcanism during the Triassic–Jurassic transition. Nature Communications, 13(1), 299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-27965-x
Planavsky, N. J., Fakhraee, M., Bolton, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., Isson, T. T., Zhang, S., & Mills, B. J. W. (2022). On carbon burial and net primary production through Earth’s history. American Journal of Science, 322(3), 413–460. https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2022.01
Isson, T. T., Zhang, S., Lau, K. V., Rauzi, S., Tosca, N. J., Penman, D. E., & Planavsky, N. J. (2022). Marine siliceous ecosystem decline led to sustained anomalous Early Triassic warmth. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3509. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31128-3
He, Y., Zhou, Y., Wen, T., Zhang, S., Huang, F., Zou, X., et al. (2022). A review of machine learning in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Method improvements and applications. Applied Geochemistry, 140, 105273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105273
Chen, J., Montañez, I. P., Zhang, S., Isson, T. T., Macarewich, S. I., Planavsky, N. J., et al. (2022). Marine anoxia linked to abrupt global warming during Earth’s penultimate icehouse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(19), e2115231119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115231119
https://doi.org/10.1002/lno.12244
Rattanasriampaipong, R., Zhang, Y. G., Pearson, A., Hedlund, B. P., & Zhang, S. (2022). Archaeal lipids trace ecology and evolution of marine ammonia-oxidizing archaea. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(31), e2123193119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2123193119
Kanzaki, Y., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & Reinhard, C. T. (2022). Soil Cycles of Elements simulator for Predicting TERrestrial regulation of greenhouse gases: SCEPTER v0.9. Geoscientific Model Development, 15(12), 4959–4990. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-15-4959-2022
Shen, J., Yin, R., Zhang, S., Algeo, T. J., Bottjer, D. J., Yu, J., et al. (2022). Intensified continental chemical weathering and carbon-cycle perturbations linked to volcanism during the Triassic–Jurassic transition. Nature Communications, 13(1), 299. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-27965-x
Planavsky, N. J., Fakhraee, M., Bolton, E. W., Reinhard, C. T., Isson, T. T., Zhang, S., & Mills, B. J. W. (2022). On carbon burial and net primary production through Earth’s history. American Journal of Science, 322(3), 413–460. https://doi.org/10.2475/03.2022.01
Isson, T. T., Zhang, S., Lau, K. V., Rauzi, S., Tosca, N. J., Penman, D. E., & Planavsky, N. J. (2022). Marine siliceous ecosystem decline led to sustained anomalous Early Triassic warmth. Nature Communications, 13(1), 3509. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-31128-3
He, Y., Zhou, Y., Wen, T., Zhang, S., Huang, F., Zou, X., et al. (2022). A review of machine learning in geochemistry and cosmochemistry: Method improvements and applications. Applied Geochemistry, 140, 105273. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2022.105273
Chen, J., Montañez, I. P., Zhang, S., Isson, T. T., Macarewich, S. I., Planavsky, N. J., et al. (2022). Marine anoxia linked to abrupt global warming during Earth’s penultimate icehouse. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(19), e2115231119. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2115231119
2021
Stewart, J. A., Christopher, S. J., Kucklick, J. R., Bordier, L., Chalk, T. B., Dapoigny, A., et al. (2021). NIST RM 8301 Boron Isotopes in Marine Carbonate (Simulated Coral and Foraminifera Solutions): Inter-laboratory δ11B and Trace Element Ratio Value Assignment. Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research, 45(1), 77–96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ggr.12363
Rugenstein, J. K. C., Ibarra, D. E., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2021). Isotope mass-balance constraints preclude that mafic weathering drove Neogene cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(30), e2026345118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026345118
Li, F., Penman, D., Planavsky, N., Knudsen, A., Zhao, M., Wang, X., et al. (2021). Reverse weathering may amplify post-Snowball atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Precambrian Research, 364, 106279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106279
Boujibar, A., Howell, S., Zhang, S., Hystad, G., Prabhu, A., Liu, N., et al. (2021). Cluster Analysis of Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: Evaluation of Their Classification and Astrophysical Implications. The Astrophysical Journal, 907(2), L39. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd102
Rugenstein, J. K. C., Ibarra, D. E., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., & von Blanckenburg, F. (2021). Isotope mass-balance constraints preclude that mafic weathering drove Neogene cooling. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(30), e2026345118. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2026345118
Li, F., Penman, D., Planavsky, N., Knudsen, A., Zhao, M., Wang, X., et al. (2021). Reverse weathering may amplify post-Snowball atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. Precambrian Research, 364, 106279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2021.106279
Boujibar, A., Howell, S., Zhang, S., Hystad, G., Prabhu, A., Liu, N., et al. (2021). Cluster Analysis of Presolar Silicon Carbide Grains: Evaluation of Their Classification and Astrophysical Implications. The Astrophysical Journal, 907(2), L39. https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/abd102
2020
Zhao, M., Zhang, S., Tarhan, L. G., Reinhard, C. T., & Planavsky, N. (2020). The role of calcium in regulating marine phosphorus burial and atmospheric oxygenation. Nature Communications, 11(1), 2232. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-15673-3
Isson, T. T., Planavsky, N. J., Coogan, L. A., Stewart, E. M., Ague, J. J., Bolton, E. W., et al. (2020). Evolution of the global carbon cycle and climate regulation on earth. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(2), e2018GB006061. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB00606
Isson, T. T., Planavsky, N. J., Coogan, L. A., Stewart, E. M., Ague, J. J., Bolton, E. W., et al. (2020). Evolution of the global carbon cycle and climate regulation on earth. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 34(2), e2018GB006061. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018GB00606
2019
Zhang, S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2019). Revisiting groundwater carbon fluxes to the ocean with implications for the carbon cycle. Geology, 48(1), 67–71. https://doi.org/10.1130/G46408.1
Zhang, S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2019). The silicate weathering feedback in the context of ophiolite emplacement: Insights from an inverse model of global weathering proxies. American Journal of Science, 319(2), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.2475/02.2019.01
Li, Y., McCoy-West, A. J., Zhang, S., Selby, D., Burton, K. W., & Horan, K. (2019). Controlling Mechanisms for Molybdenum Isotope Fractionation in Porphyry Deposits: The Qulong Example. Economic Geology, 114(5), 981–992. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4653
Li, Y., Zhang, S., Hobbs, R., Caiado, C., Sproson, A. D., Selby, D., & Rooney, A. D. (2019). Monte Carlo sampling for error propagation in linear regression and applications in isochron geochronology. Science Bulletin, 64(3), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.019
Henehan, M. J., Ridgwell, A., Thomas, E., Zhang, S., Alegret, L., Schmidt, D. N., et al. (2019). Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(45), 22500–22504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.190598911
Zhang, S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2019). The silicate weathering feedback in the context of ophiolite emplacement: Insights from an inverse model of global weathering proxies. American Journal of Science, 319(2), 75–104. https://doi.org/10.2475/02.2019.01
Li, Y., McCoy-West, A. J., Zhang, S., Selby, D., Burton, K. W., & Horan, K. (2019). Controlling Mechanisms for Molybdenum Isotope Fractionation in Porphyry Deposits: The Qulong Example. Economic Geology, 114(5), 981–992. https://doi.org/10.5382/econgeo.4653
Li, Y., Zhang, S., Hobbs, R., Caiado, C., Sproson, A. D., Selby, D., & Rooney, A. D. (2019). Monte Carlo sampling for error propagation in linear regression and applications in isochron geochronology. Science Bulletin, 64(3), 189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scib.2018.12.019
Henehan, M. J., Ridgwell, A., Thomas, E., Zhang, S., Alegret, L., Schmidt, D. N., et al. (2019). Rapid ocean acidification and protracted Earth system recovery followed the end-Cretaceous Chicxulub impact. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 116(45), 22500–22504. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.190598911
2018
Krause, A. J., Mills, B. J. W., Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., Lenton, T. M., & Poulton, S. W. (2018). Stepwise oxygenation of the Paleozoic atmosphere. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4081. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-06383-y
Zhang, S., Ague, J. J., & Vitale Brovarone, A. (2018). Degassing of organic carbon during regional metamorphism of pelites, Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA. Chemical Geology, 490, 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.003
Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., Krause, A. J., Bolton, E. W., & Mills, B. J. W. (2018). Model based Paleozoic atmospheric oxygen estimates: a revisit to GEOCARBSULF. American Journal of Science, 318(5), 557–589. https://doi.org/10.2475/05.2018.0
Zhang, S., Ague, J. J., & Vitale Brovarone, A. (2018). Degassing of organic carbon during regional metamorphism of pelites, Wepawaug Schist, Connecticut, USA. Chemical Geology, 490, 30–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2018.05.003
Zhang, S., Planavsky, N. J., Krause, A. J., Bolton, E. W., & Mills, B. J. W. (2018). Model based Paleozoic atmospheric oxygen estimates: a revisit to GEOCARBSULF. American Journal of Science, 318(5), 557–589. https://doi.org/10.2475/05.2018.0
2017
Zhang, S., Henehan, M. J., Hull, P. M., Reid, R. P., Hardisty, D. S., Hood, A. v. S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2017). Investigating controls on boron isotope ratios in shallow marine carbonates. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 458, 380–393. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2016.10.059
Cole, D. B., Zhang, S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2017). A new estimate of detrital redox-sensitive metal concentrations and variability in fluxes to marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 215, 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.004
Cole, D. B., Zhang, S., & Planavsky, N. J. (2017). A new estimate of detrital redox-sensitive metal concentrations and variability in fluxes to marine sediments. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 215, 337–353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.08.004
2016
Planavsky, N. J., Cole, D. B., Reinhard, C. T., Diamond, C., Love, G. D., Luo, G., et al. (2016). No evidence for high atmospheric oxygen levels 1,400 million years ago. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 113(19), E2550–E2551. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601925113